The virtual machine (VM), which is a computer program requires storage to store its data. Virtual storage can be used to boost the performance of the VM by showing a single physical device or network-based storage in different types. The VM can access it without knowing the actual hardware.

Virtual storage management requires a cautious balance between capacity, performance and costs. Administrators must decide if they wish to only use solid-state drives, or also hard-drive disks. They also need to choose the right kind of storage controllers and how many to put in place. To control costs, IT managers must look at storage reduction options such as deduplication and compression.

There are three kinds of RAID groups: logical volumes (LV) and physical disks. Physical disks and RAID groups split the physical capacity into smaller units that applications or servers perceive as a single storage device. A virtualization layer converts I/O requests sent by the server to the right physical disk.

The virtual storage model minimizes the hardware overhead by dissociating operating systems from physical devices and also by providing one point of administration. It also allows for scaling up, as it automatically adjusts the physical capacity to meet the demands. It also lets administrators perform a variety of tasks in a non-disruptive manner like shifting data from devices with high utilization. This is done by using the process of data migration. The mapping granularity determines the speed of meta-data updates that can be completed, how much space will be required to migrate and the speed at which a previous location can become free.

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